Migraine headaches are a neurological condition, can last a few hours or a few agonizing days, and are recurring. The exact cause of migraines is unknown, but they are believed to result from abnormal activity temporarily affecting nerve signals, chemicals, and blood vessels in the brain. The condition is thought to develop from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetics plays a big role in migraines and variations in several genes have been found to be associated with the condition. These genes make people more sensitive to changes in their environment and lifestyle which can lead to triggers that bring on migraines.
Most people who have migraines find that there are certain triggers for them, such as stress, sleep disruption, hormones, caffeine and alcohol, weather, diet, light, smells, etc. Everyone has different triggers, and when a person can identify their specific ones, they can effectively manage and avoid migraines better.
Because neurofeedback can create new brain pathways, turn down brain activity, and retrain how the brain responds to stimuli, it can greatly decrease migraine pain and frequency.
When this happens, the fear circuit in your brain can get stuck “on” which results in your brain releasing a constant supply of stress hormones and producing an overabundance of the brainwaves indicative of stress and anxiety. Pretty soon, a non-specific undercurrent of stress, racing thoughts, of “something not being right” becomes your brain’s normal mode, and you begin experiencing the physical symptoms and behavioral problems associated with anxiety.
In one study using neurofeedback training on people with recurrent migraines, 54 percent of participants experienced a complete cessation of their migraines, and 39 percent experienced a reduction in migraine frequency of greater than 50 percent.¹ Another study concluded:
“All combined neuro and biofeedback interventions were effective in reducing the frequency of migraines with clients using medication resulting in a more favorable outcome (70 percent experiencing at least a 50 percent reduction in headaches) than just medications alone (50 percent experience a 50 percent reduction) and that the effect size of our study involving three different types of biofeedback for migraine (1.09) was more robust than effect size of combined studies on thermal biofeedback alone for migraine (.5). These non-invasive interventions may show promise for treating treatment-refractory migraine and for preventing the progression from episodic to chronic migraine.”²
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Sources: 1. Walker JE. QEEG-guided neurofeedback for recurrent migraine headaches. Clin EEG Neurosci. 2011 Jan;42(1):59-61. doi: 10.1177/155005941104200112. PMID: 21309444. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21309444/
2. Stokes DA, Lappin MS. Neurofeedback and biofeedback with 37 migraineurs: a clinical outcome study. Behav Brain Funct. 2010 Feb 2;6:9. doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-6-9. PMID: 20205867; PMCID: PMC2826281. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20205867/